From black to white
The full-range pattern divides the image into adjustable gray steps. Start with fewer blocks so the differences are easy to find, then increase the number of steps. The darkest and lightest blocks should be inspected separately; seeing the middle steps does not tell you whether either endpoint is clipped.
Shadow and highlight detail
Near-black and near-white patterns concentrate the available steps around one end of the scale. Compare them at your normal brightness and with the room lighting recorded. Changing a black-level or contrast setting may reveal a block while also altering the rest of the image, so check normal photographs afterward.
An even gray background
Uniformity mode holds the entire pattern at one gray value. Look for patches, bands and colored areas while keeping your head in one position. A browser pattern can reveal visible differences, but it cannot measure the panel's contrast ratio, calibrated brightness or the size of a color error.